Our Specialization
Diseases of Children Like :- Autism, Tonsillitis (Enlarged or swollen tonsils), Enlarged adenoids, Allergies, Cold, Cough, Poor immunity, Bedwetting, Eating disorders, Underweight, Overweight, Height gain
Orthopedics : Ankylosing spondylitis, Backache, Arthritis, Gout, Muscular dystrophy, Paralysis, Ganglion, Disc prolapse, Tennis elbow, Fracture, Sprains & strains, Sciatica.
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat)
Cold, Cough, Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever), Nasal polyps, Enlarged adenoids, Tonsillitis (Enlarged or swollen tonsils), Ear infection, Laryngitis, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis, Nose bleeding.
Acidity, Duodenal & gastric ulcer, Gas, Constipation, Diarrhea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Piles (Hemorrhoids), Fissures, Fistula, Ulcerative colitis, Fatty liver disorder.
Skin
Acne, Pimples, Fungal infections, Urticaria (Hives, Nettle rash), Leucoderma (White patches, Vitiligo), Psoriasis, Eczema, Warts, Corns, Alopecia, Hair fall, Dandruff, Allergies, Nail problems, Lichen planus, Molluscum contagiosum, Hyperhidrosis (Profuse sweating).
Gynecology (Female disorders)
Menses troubles, Leucorrhea, Fibroids, Menopausal troubles, Poly Cystic Ovary Disease (PCOD), Infertility.
AIDS, Cancer, Tumor, Obesity, Thyroid problems, Lipoma, Sleeplessness, Depression, Anxiety, Diabetes, Chalazion, Migraine, Headache, Stress, High B.P., Low B.P., Epilepsy, Anal warts, Genital warts, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus), STD, Sexual problems including premature ejaculation, Erectile dysfunction or ED, Impotence, Stones (Kidney, Gallbladder), Prostate problems, Yeast infection, Urinary tract infection (UTI), Urethral stricture (Stricture urethra, Urethrostenosis), Herpes,
There are effective medicines in HOMOEOPATHY for this condition...FOR CONSULTATIONS PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT AT MY CELL NO....9811115517, 9818255088
Orthopedics : Ankylosing spondylitis, Backache, Arthritis, Gout, Muscular dystrophy, Paralysis, Ganglion, Disc prolapse, Tennis elbow, Fracture, Sprains & strains, Sciatica.
ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat)
Cold, Cough, Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever), Nasal polyps, Enlarged adenoids, Tonsillitis (Enlarged or swollen tonsils), Ear infection, Laryngitis, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis, Nose bleeding.
Acidity, Duodenal & gastric ulcer, Gas, Constipation, Diarrhea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Piles (Hemorrhoids), Fissures, Fistula, Ulcerative colitis, Fatty liver disorder.
Skin
Acne, Pimples, Fungal infections, Urticaria (Hives, Nettle rash), Leucoderma (White patches, Vitiligo), Psoriasis, Eczema, Warts, Corns, Alopecia, Hair fall, Dandruff, Allergies, Nail problems, Lichen planus, Molluscum contagiosum, Hyperhidrosis (Profuse sweating).
Gynecology (Female disorders)
Menses troubles, Leucorrhea, Fibroids, Menopausal troubles, Poly Cystic Ovary Disease (PCOD), Infertility.
AIDS, Cancer, Tumor, Obesity, Thyroid problems, Lipoma, Sleeplessness, Depression, Anxiety, Diabetes, Chalazion, Migraine, Headache, Stress, High B.P., Low B.P., Epilepsy, Anal warts, Genital warts, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus), STD, Sexual problems including premature ejaculation, Erectile dysfunction or ED, Impotence, Stones (Kidney, Gallbladder), Prostate problems, Yeast infection, Urinary tract infection (UTI), Urethral stricture (Stricture urethra, Urethrostenosis), Herpes,
There are effective medicines in HOMOEOPATHY for this condition...FOR CONSULTATIONS PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT AT MY CELL NO....9811115517, 9818255088
Hairfall/Alopecia
Alopecia or hair loss or balding is a matter of psychological concern for both males and females. Alopecia may be of scarring and non- scarring type. Hair follicles go through cyclic phases of activity and inactivity. Each cycle comprises of three phases:
1. ANAGEN : The growing phase, which lasts for 2-6yrs, average being 3 yrs.
2. CATAGEN : The transitional phase, which lasts for 1-2weeks.
3. TELOGEN : The resting phase, lasting for 3-4 months. In a normal scalp, 90% of the hair are in anagen phase while 10% are either in catagen or telogen phase at any given point of time. The normal human scalp has about 100,000. Normally 100 hair are shed everyday.
What are the possible causes of scarring alopecia ?
Scarring alopecia or cicatricial alopecia can be due to a number of causes; to enlist a few :-
1. Heriditary or developmental.
2. Infection of the hair follicle (bacterial, fungal etc.).
3. Trauma like that of burns, radiation, chemical injury or mechanical injury.
4. Neoplastic (cancer) conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, lymphomas or secondary metastases.
5. Due to inflamation of the underlying dermis in diseases like syphilis, tuberculosis, herpes zoster, sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, cicatrical pemphigoid and morphea.
What are the possible causes of non-scarring alopecia ?
A) Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition affecting humans, in which hair is lost from areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Because it causes bald spots on the scalp, especially in the first stages, it is sometimes called spot baldness. In 1%–2% of cases, the condition can spread to the entire scalp (Alopecia totalis) or to the entire epidermis (Alopecia universalis). Conditions resembling AA, and having a similar cause, occur also in other species.
Epidemiology
The condition affects 0.1%–0.2% of humans, occurring in both males and females.
Alopecia areata occurs in people who are apparently healthy and have no skin disorder. Initial presentation most commonly occurs in the late teenage years, early childhood, or young adulthood, but can happen with people of all ages.
Types
The most common type of alopecia areata involves hair loss in one or more round spots on the scalp.
Hair may also be lost more diffusely over the whole scalp, in which case the condition is called diffuse alopecia areata.
Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may occur anywhere on the head.
Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of hair loss.
The disease may be limited only to the beard, in which case it is called Alopecia areata barbae.
If the patient loses all the hair on his/her scalp, the disease is then called Alopecia areata totalis.
If all body hair, including pubic hair, is lost, the diagnosis then becomes Alopecia areata universalis.
Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are rare.
Causes
Alopecia areata is not contagious. It occurs more frequently in people who have affected family members, suggesting that heredity may be a factor and at least one of the genes involved has been mapped to chromosome. In addition, it is slightly more likely to occur in people who have relatives with autoimmune diseases.
The condition is thought to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. There is evidence that T cell lymphocytes cluster around these follicles, causing inflammation and subsequent hair loss. An unknown environmental trigger such as emotional stress or a pathogen is thought to combine with hereditary factors to cause the condition. There are a few recorded cases of babies being born with congenital alopecia areata; however, these are not cases of autoimmune disease because an infant is born without a fully developed immune system.
Diagnosis
Alopecia areata
First symptoms are small, soft, bald patches which can take just about any shape but are most usually round. It most often affects the scalp and beard but may occur on any hair-bearing part of the body. There may be different skin areas with hair loss and regrowth in the same body at the same time. It may also go into remission for a time, or permanently.
The area of hair loss may tingle or be very slightly painful.
The hair tends to fall out over a short period of time, with the loss commonly occurring more on one side of the scalp than the other.
Another presentation of the condition are exclamation point hairs. Exclamation point hairs are hairs that become narrower along the length of the strand closer to the base, producing a characteristic "exclamation point" appearance.
One diagnostic technique applied by medical professionals is to gently tug at a handful of hair along the edge of a patch with less strength than would be required to pull out healthy hair. In healthy hair, no hair should fall out or ripped hair should be distributed evenly across the tugged portion of the scalp. In cases of alopecia areata hair will tend to pull out easier along the edge of the patch where the follicles are already being attacked by the body's immune system than away from the patch where they are still healthy. Professionals usually remind patients that the hair that is pulled out would eventually fall naturally. The test is conducted only once to identify the condition and rule out a simple localized hair loss condition.
Nails may have pitting or trachyonychia
Treatment
Oral corticosteroids decrease the hair loss, but only for the period during which they are taken, and these drugs have adverse side effects.
For small patches on the beard or head it is possible to suppress with topical tacrolimus ointments like Protopic. Symptoms may remain suppressed until aggravated by stress or other factors. Treatment with tacrolimus is recommended only for short periods of time due to adverse side effects.
For Alopecia, Homoeopathy offers a effective and 100% result oriented treatment without side effects.
Prognosis
In cases with a greater number of patches, hair loss can progress to alopecia totalis or, in rare cases, universalis.
Effects of alopecia areata are mainly psychological (loss of self image due to hair loss). However, patients also tend to have a slightly higher incidence of asthma, allergies, atopic dermal ailments, and even hypothyroidism. Loss of hair also means that the scalp burns more easily in the sun. Loss of nasal hair increases severity of hay fever and similar allergic conditions. Patients may also have aberrant nail formation because keratin forms both hair and nails.
Episodes of alopecia areata before puberty predispose chronic recurrence of the condition. Pitting of the fingernails can hint at a more severe or prolonged course.
Hair may grow back and then fall out again later.
Psychosocial issues :
Alopecia can certainly be the cause of psychological stress. Because hair loss can lead to significant appearance changes, individuals may experience social phobia, anxiety, and depression. In severe cases where the chance of hair regrowth is slim, individuals need to adapt to the condition, rather than look for a cure. There is surely a good provision for psychological treatment for people afflicted with alopecia in homoeopathy.
B) Stress induced alopecia - due to:
· emotional stress
· starvation
· crash diets
· Malaria, Tuberculosis, Typhoid etc.
· after surgery
· in hepatic or renal failure
· Iron and Zinc deficiency
C) Post pregnancy.
D) In patients with thyroid or pituitary disorder.
E) Patients with collagen vascular disease.
F) Drug induced - Patients on anti-cancer treatment, anti-thyroid drugs, cholesterol lowering agents and patients on anticoagulant therapy suffer from hair loss.
How can alopecia be treated ?
The Cause has to be determined... Once found, then--
· The cause if established should be treated.
· If there is any bacterial or fungal infection, it must be treated.
· Dandruff or lice if present, should be treated.
· Foods rich in Vitamin and Zinc are essential for arresting hair loss and help hair regeneration.
· Anemia if present needs prompt treatment with diet rich in iron like juices and certain green vegetables.
What are the methods to treat alopecia ?
Patients who are medically unfit for surgery, those who do not have adequate donor area or those who have scarring alopecia can go for non-surgical modalities of hair restoration. These may be in form of wigs, hair weaving hair clipping, hair bonding, falls, switches or demiwigs.
What are the do's and don'ts for patients with alopecia ?
1. Use a good shampoo once or twice a week. Choice of shampoo depends on the hair type (normal, dry or oily).
2. A diet rich in proteins, iron and zinc should be consumed.
3. Drink 7 - 8 glasses of water everyday.
4. Psychological stress and anxiety lead to hair loss, so keeping them at bay is very important.
5. Physical trauma to the hair shaft caused due to vigorous combing, excessive shampooing, drying or brushing should be avoided.
6. Beware of trendy styles such hair bleaching and dying, they might cause more harm than good.
7. Avoid hair perming or straightening.
1. ANAGEN : The growing phase, which lasts for 2-6yrs, average being 3 yrs.
2. CATAGEN : The transitional phase, which lasts for 1-2weeks.
3. TELOGEN : The resting phase, lasting for 3-4 months. In a normal scalp, 90% of the hair are in anagen phase while 10% are either in catagen or telogen phase at any given point of time. The normal human scalp has about 100,000. Normally 100 hair are shed everyday.
What are the possible causes of scarring alopecia ?
Scarring alopecia or cicatricial alopecia can be due to a number of causes; to enlist a few :-
1. Heriditary or developmental.
2. Infection of the hair follicle (bacterial, fungal etc.).
3. Trauma like that of burns, radiation, chemical injury or mechanical injury.
4. Neoplastic (cancer) conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, lymphomas or secondary metastases.
5. Due to inflamation of the underlying dermis in diseases like syphilis, tuberculosis, herpes zoster, sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, cicatrical pemphigoid and morphea.
What are the possible causes of non-scarring alopecia ?
A) Alopecia areata
Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition affecting humans, in which hair is lost from areas of the body, usually from the scalp. Because it causes bald spots on the scalp, especially in the first stages, it is sometimes called spot baldness. In 1%–2% of cases, the condition can spread to the entire scalp (Alopecia totalis) or to the entire epidermis (Alopecia universalis). Conditions resembling AA, and having a similar cause, occur also in other species.
Epidemiology
The condition affects 0.1%–0.2% of humans, occurring in both males and females.
Alopecia areata occurs in people who are apparently healthy and have no skin disorder. Initial presentation most commonly occurs in the late teenage years, early childhood, or young adulthood, but can happen with people of all ages.
Types
The most common type of alopecia areata involves hair loss in one or more round spots on the scalp.
Hair may also be lost more diffusely over the whole scalp, in which case the condition is called diffuse alopecia areata.
Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may occur anywhere on the head.
Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of hair loss.
The disease may be limited only to the beard, in which case it is called Alopecia areata barbae.
If the patient loses all the hair on his/her scalp, the disease is then called Alopecia areata totalis.
If all body hair, including pubic hair, is lost, the diagnosis then becomes Alopecia areata universalis.
Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are rare.
Causes
Alopecia areata is not contagious. It occurs more frequently in people who have affected family members, suggesting that heredity may be a factor and at least one of the genes involved has been mapped to chromosome. In addition, it is slightly more likely to occur in people who have relatives with autoimmune diseases.
The condition is thought to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. There is evidence that T cell lymphocytes cluster around these follicles, causing inflammation and subsequent hair loss. An unknown environmental trigger such as emotional stress or a pathogen is thought to combine with hereditary factors to cause the condition. There are a few recorded cases of babies being born with congenital alopecia areata; however, these are not cases of autoimmune disease because an infant is born without a fully developed immune system.
Diagnosis
Alopecia areata
First symptoms are small, soft, bald patches which can take just about any shape but are most usually round. It most often affects the scalp and beard but may occur on any hair-bearing part of the body. There may be different skin areas with hair loss and regrowth in the same body at the same time. It may also go into remission for a time, or permanently.
The area of hair loss may tingle or be very slightly painful.
The hair tends to fall out over a short period of time, with the loss commonly occurring more on one side of the scalp than the other.
Another presentation of the condition are exclamation point hairs. Exclamation point hairs are hairs that become narrower along the length of the strand closer to the base, producing a characteristic "exclamation point" appearance.
One diagnostic technique applied by medical professionals is to gently tug at a handful of hair along the edge of a patch with less strength than would be required to pull out healthy hair. In healthy hair, no hair should fall out or ripped hair should be distributed evenly across the tugged portion of the scalp. In cases of alopecia areata hair will tend to pull out easier along the edge of the patch where the follicles are already being attacked by the body's immune system than away from the patch where they are still healthy. Professionals usually remind patients that the hair that is pulled out would eventually fall naturally. The test is conducted only once to identify the condition and rule out a simple localized hair loss condition.
Nails may have pitting or trachyonychia
Treatment
Oral corticosteroids decrease the hair loss, but only for the period during which they are taken, and these drugs have adverse side effects.
For small patches on the beard or head it is possible to suppress with topical tacrolimus ointments like Protopic. Symptoms may remain suppressed until aggravated by stress or other factors. Treatment with tacrolimus is recommended only for short periods of time due to adverse side effects.
For Alopecia, Homoeopathy offers a effective and 100% result oriented treatment without side effects.
Prognosis
In cases with a greater number of patches, hair loss can progress to alopecia totalis or, in rare cases, universalis.
Effects of alopecia areata are mainly psychological (loss of self image due to hair loss). However, patients also tend to have a slightly higher incidence of asthma, allergies, atopic dermal ailments, and even hypothyroidism. Loss of hair also means that the scalp burns more easily in the sun. Loss of nasal hair increases severity of hay fever and similar allergic conditions. Patients may also have aberrant nail formation because keratin forms both hair and nails.
Episodes of alopecia areata before puberty predispose chronic recurrence of the condition. Pitting of the fingernails can hint at a more severe or prolonged course.
Hair may grow back and then fall out again later.
Psychosocial issues :
Alopecia can certainly be the cause of psychological stress. Because hair loss can lead to significant appearance changes, individuals may experience social phobia, anxiety, and depression. In severe cases where the chance of hair regrowth is slim, individuals need to adapt to the condition, rather than look for a cure. There is surely a good provision for psychological treatment for people afflicted with alopecia in homoeopathy.
B) Stress induced alopecia - due to:
· emotional stress
· starvation
· crash diets
· Malaria, Tuberculosis, Typhoid etc.
· after surgery
· in hepatic or renal failure
· Iron and Zinc deficiency
C) Post pregnancy.
D) In patients with thyroid or pituitary disorder.
E) Patients with collagen vascular disease.
F) Drug induced - Patients on anti-cancer treatment, anti-thyroid drugs, cholesterol lowering agents and patients on anticoagulant therapy suffer from hair loss.
How can alopecia be treated ?
The Cause has to be determined... Once found, then--
· The cause if established should be treated.
· If there is any bacterial or fungal infection, it must be treated.
· Dandruff or lice if present, should be treated.
· Foods rich in Vitamin and Zinc are essential for arresting hair loss and help hair regeneration.
· Anemia if present needs prompt treatment with diet rich in iron like juices and certain green vegetables.
What are the methods to treat alopecia ?
Patients who are medically unfit for surgery, those who do not have adequate donor area or those who have scarring alopecia can go for non-surgical modalities of hair restoration. These may be in form of wigs, hair weaving hair clipping, hair bonding, falls, switches or demiwigs.
What are the do's and don'ts for patients with alopecia ?
1. Use a good shampoo once or twice a week. Choice of shampoo depends on the hair type (normal, dry or oily).
2. A diet rich in proteins, iron and zinc should be consumed.
3. Drink 7 - 8 glasses of water everyday.
4. Psychological stress and anxiety lead to hair loss, so keeping them at bay is very important.
5. Physical trauma to the hair shaft caused due to vigorous combing, excessive shampooing, drying or brushing should be avoided.
6. Beware of trendy styles such hair bleaching and dying, they might cause more harm than good.
7. Avoid hair perming or straightening.
Hypertension/High Blood Pressure
What is high blood pressure?
High blood pressure or hypertension means high pressure (tension) in the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the pumping heart to all the tissues and organs of the body. High blood pressure does not mean excessive emotional tension, although emotional tension and stress can temporarily increase blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80; blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 is called "pre–hypertension", and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered high.
An elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure increases the risk of developing heart (cardiac) disease, kidney (renal) hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis), eye damage, and stroke (brain damage). These complications of hypertension are often referred to as end–organ damage because damage to these organs is the end result of chronic (long duration) high blood pressure. For that reason, the diagnosis of high blood pressure is important so efforts can be made to normalize blood pressure and prevent complications.
Blood pressure can be affected by several factors, so it is important to standardize the environment when blood pressure is measured. For at least one hour before blood pressure is taken, avoid eating, strenuous exercise (which can lower blood pressure), smoking and caffeine intake. Other stresses may alter the blood pressure and need to be considered when blood pressure is measured.
Many experts in the field of hypertension view blood pressure levels as a range, from lower levels to higher levels. Such a range implies there are no clear or precise cut–off values to separate normal blood pressure from high blood pressure. Individuals with so–called pre–hypertension (defined as a blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89) may benefit from lowering of blood pressure by life style modification and possibly medication especially if there are other risk factors for end–organ damage such as diabetes or kidney disease.
For some people, blood pressure readings lower than 140/90 may be a more appropriate normal cut–off level. For example, in certain situations, such as in patients with long duration (chronic) kidney diseases that spill (lose) protein into the urine (proteinuria), the blood pressure is ideally kept at 130/80, or even lower. The purpose of reducing the blood pressure to this level in these patients is to slow the progression of kidney damage. Patients with diabetes mellitus may also benefit from blood pressure that is maintained at a level lower than 130/80.
What causes high blood pressure?
Two forms of high blood pressure have been described: essential (or primary) hypertension and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension is a far more common condition and accounts for 95% of hypertension. The cause of essential hypertension is multifactorial, that is, there are several factors whose combined effects produce hypertension. In secondary hypertension, which accounts for 5% of hypertension, the high blood pressure is secondary to (caused by) a specific abnormality in one of the organs or systems of the body. Nevertheless, certain associations have been recognized in people with essential hypertension. For example, essential hypertension develops only in groups or societies that have a fairly high intake of salt, exceeding 5.8 grams daily. In fact, salt intake may be a particularly important factor in relation to essential hypertension in several situations. Thus, excess salt may be involved in the hypertension that is associated with advancing age, obesity, hereditary (genetic) susceptibility, and kidney failure (renal insufficiency).
Genetic factors are thought to play a prominent role in the development of essential hypertension. However, the genes for hypertension have not yet been identified. The current research in this area is focused on the genetic factors that affect the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. This system helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling salt balance and the tone (state of elasticity) of the arteries.
Approximately 30% of cases of essential hypertension are attributable to genetic factors. Also, in individuals who have one or two parents with hypertension, high blood pressure is twice as common as in the general population. Rarely, certain unusual genetic disorders affecting the hormones of the adrenal glands may lead to hypertension.
The vast majority of patients with essential hypertension have in common a particular abnormality of the arteries: an increased resistance (stiffness or lack of elasticity) in the tiny arteries that are most distant from the heart (peripheral arteries or arterioles). The arterioles supply oxygen–containing blood and nutrients to all of the tissues of the body. The arterioles are connected by capillaries in the tissues to the veins (the venous system), which returns the blood to the heart and lungs. Just what makes the peripheral arteries become stiff is not known. Yet, this increased peripheral arteriolar stiffness is present in those individuals whose essential hypertension is associated with genetic factors, obesity, lack of exercise, overuse of salt, and aging. Inflammation also may play a role in hypertension since a predictor of the development of hypertension is the presence of an elevated C reactive protein level (a blood test marker of inflammation) in some individuals.
What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure?
As mentioned previously, 5% of people with hypertension have what is called secondary hypertension. This means that the hypertension in these individuals is secondary to a specific disorder of a particular organ or blood vessel, such as the kidney, adrenal gland, or aortic artery.
Renal (kidney) hypertension
Diseases of the kidneys can cause secondary hypertension. This type of secondary hypertension is called renal hypertension because it is caused by a problem in the kidneys. One important cause of renal hypertension is narrowing (stenosis) of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys (renal artery). In younger individuals, usually women, the narrowing is caused by a thickening of the muscular wall of the arteries going to the kidney (fibromuscular hyperplasia). In older individuals, the narrowing generally is due to hard, fat–containing (atherosclerotic) plaques that are blocking the renal artery.
How does narrowing of the renal artery cause hypertension?
First, the narrowed renal artery impairs the circulation of blood to the affected kidney. This deprivation of blood then stimulates the kidney to produce the hormones, renin and angiotensin. These hormones, along with aldosterone from the adrenal gland, cause a constriction and increased stiffness (resistance) in the peripheral arteries throughout the body, which results in high blood pressure.
Renal hypertension is usually first suspected when high blood pressure is found in a young individual or a new onset of high blood pressure is discovered in an older person. Screening for renal artery narrowing then may include renal isotope (radioactive) imaging, ultrasonographic (sound wave) imaging, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the renal arteries. The purpose of these tests is to determine whether there is a restricted blood flow to the kidney and whether angioplasty (removal of the restriction in the renal arteries) is likely to be beneficial. However, if the ultrasonic assessment indicates a high resistive index within the kidney (high resistance to blood flow), angioplasty may not improve the blood pressure because chronic damage in the kidney from long–standing hypertension already exists. If any of these tests are abnormal or the doctor's suspicion of renal artery narrowing is high enough, renal angiography (an x–ray study in which dye is injected into the renal artery) is done. Angiography is the ultimate test to actually visualize the narrowed renal artery.
Any of the other types of chronic kidney disease that reduces the function of the kidneys can also cause hypertension due to hormonal disturbances and/or retention of salt.
It is important to remember that not only can kidney disease cause hypertension, but hypertension can also cause kidney disease. Therefore, all patients with high blood pressure should be evaluated for the presence of kidney disease so they can be treated appropriately.
Adrenal gland tumors
Two rare types of tumors of the adrenal glands are less common, secondary causes of hypertension. The adrenal glands sit right on top of the kidneys. Both of these tumors produce excessive amounts of adrenal hormones that cause high blood pressure. These tumors can be diagnosed from blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies of the adrenal glands. Surgery is often required to remove these tumors or the adrenal gland (adrenalectomy), which usually relieves the hypertension.
One of the types of adrenal tumors causes a condition that is called primary hyperaldosteronism because the tumor produces excessive amounts of the hormone aldosterone. In addition to the hypertension, this condition causes the loss of excessive amounts of potassium from the body into the urine, which results in a low level of potassium in the blood. Hyperaldosteronism is generally first suspected in a person with hypertension when low potassium is also found in the blood. (Also, certain rare genetic disorders affecting the hormones of the adrenal gland can cause secondary hypertension.)
The other type of adrenal tumor that can cause secondary hypertension is called a pheochromocytoma. This tumor produces excessive catecholamines, which include several adrenaline–related hormones. The diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma is suspected in individuals who have sudden and recurrent episodes of hypertension that are associated with flushing of the skin, rapid heart beating (palpitations), and sweating, in addition to the symptoms associated with high blood pressure.
Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is a rare hereditary disorder that is one of the most common causes of hypertension in children. This condition is characterized by a narrowing of a segment of the aorta, the main large artery coming from the heart. The aorta delivers blood to the arteries that supply all of the body's organs, including the kidneys.
The narrowed segment (coarctation) of the aorta generally occurs above the renal arteries, which causes a reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This lack of blood to the kidneys prompts the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone hormonal system to elevate the blood pressure. Treatment of the coarctation is usually the surgical correction of the narrowed segment of the aorta. Sometimes, balloon angioplasty can be used to widen (dilate) the coarctation of the aorta.
The metabolic syndrome and obesity
Genetic factors play a role in the constellation of findings that make up the "metabolic syndrome." Individuals with the metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance and a tendency to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (non–insulin–dependent diabetes). Obesity, especially associated with a marked increase in abdominal girth, leads to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), elevated blood lipids (fats), vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction (abnormal reactivity of the blood vessels), and hypertension all leading to premature atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Homoeopathic Treatment :--
We Homoeopaths have effective treatment in homoeopathy..
Our medicines are NOT HABIT FORMING and have NO SIDE EFFECTS..
Some medicines used are --- Crataegus, Terminalia Arjuna, Digitalis, Convallaria, Strophanthus, Cactus G, Glonoine.....and many more....But these should be taken under strict medical supervision...
High blood pressure or hypertension means high pressure (tension) in the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the pumping heart to all the tissues and organs of the body. High blood pressure does not mean excessive emotional tension, although emotional tension and stress can temporarily increase blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80; blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 is called "pre–hypertension", and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered high.
An elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure increases the risk of developing heart (cardiac) disease, kidney (renal) hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis), eye damage, and stroke (brain damage). These complications of hypertension are often referred to as end–organ damage because damage to these organs is the end result of chronic (long duration) high blood pressure. For that reason, the diagnosis of high blood pressure is important so efforts can be made to normalize blood pressure and prevent complications.
Blood pressure can be affected by several factors, so it is important to standardize the environment when blood pressure is measured. For at least one hour before blood pressure is taken, avoid eating, strenuous exercise (which can lower blood pressure), smoking and caffeine intake. Other stresses may alter the blood pressure and need to be considered when blood pressure is measured.
Many experts in the field of hypertension view blood pressure levels as a range, from lower levels to higher levels. Such a range implies there are no clear or precise cut–off values to separate normal blood pressure from high blood pressure. Individuals with so–called pre–hypertension (defined as a blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89) may benefit from lowering of blood pressure by life style modification and possibly medication especially if there are other risk factors for end–organ damage such as diabetes or kidney disease.
For some people, blood pressure readings lower than 140/90 may be a more appropriate normal cut–off level. For example, in certain situations, such as in patients with long duration (chronic) kidney diseases that spill (lose) protein into the urine (proteinuria), the blood pressure is ideally kept at 130/80, or even lower. The purpose of reducing the blood pressure to this level in these patients is to slow the progression of kidney damage. Patients with diabetes mellitus may also benefit from blood pressure that is maintained at a level lower than 130/80.
What causes high blood pressure?
Two forms of high blood pressure have been described: essential (or primary) hypertension and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension is a far more common condition and accounts for 95% of hypertension. The cause of essential hypertension is multifactorial, that is, there are several factors whose combined effects produce hypertension. In secondary hypertension, which accounts for 5% of hypertension, the high blood pressure is secondary to (caused by) a specific abnormality in one of the organs or systems of the body. Nevertheless, certain associations have been recognized in people with essential hypertension. For example, essential hypertension develops only in groups or societies that have a fairly high intake of salt, exceeding 5.8 grams daily. In fact, salt intake may be a particularly important factor in relation to essential hypertension in several situations. Thus, excess salt may be involved in the hypertension that is associated with advancing age, obesity, hereditary (genetic) susceptibility, and kidney failure (renal insufficiency).
Genetic factors are thought to play a prominent role in the development of essential hypertension. However, the genes for hypertension have not yet been identified. The current research in this area is focused on the genetic factors that affect the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. This system helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling salt balance and the tone (state of elasticity) of the arteries.
Approximately 30% of cases of essential hypertension are attributable to genetic factors. Also, in individuals who have one or two parents with hypertension, high blood pressure is twice as common as in the general population. Rarely, certain unusual genetic disorders affecting the hormones of the adrenal glands may lead to hypertension.
The vast majority of patients with essential hypertension have in common a particular abnormality of the arteries: an increased resistance (stiffness or lack of elasticity) in the tiny arteries that are most distant from the heart (peripheral arteries or arterioles). The arterioles supply oxygen–containing blood and nutrients to all of the tissues of the body. The arterioles are connected by capillaries in the tissues to the veins (the venous system), which returns the blood to the heart and lungs. Just what makes the peripheral arteries become stiff is not known. Yet, this increased peripheral arteriolar stiffness is present in those individuals whose essential hypertension is associated with genetic factors, obesity, lack of exercise, overuse of salt, and aging. Inflammation also may play a role in hypertension since a predictor of the development of hypertension is the presence of an elevated C reactive protein level (a blood test marker of inflammation) in some individuals.
What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure?
As mentioned previously, 5% of people with hypertension have what is called secondary hypertension. This means that the hypertension in these individuals is secondary to a specific disorder of a particular organ or blood vessel, such as the kidney, adrenal gland, or aortic artery.
Renal (kidney) hypertension
Diseases of the kidneys can cause secondary hypertension. This type of secondary hypertension is called renal hypertension because it is caused by a problem in the kidneys. One important cause of renal hypertension is narrowing (stenosis) of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys (renal artery). In younger individuals, usually women, the narrowing is caused by a thickening of the muscular wall of the arteries going to the kidney (fibromuscular hyperplasia). In older individuals, the narrowing generally is due to hard, fat–containing (atherosclerotic) plaques that are blocking the renal artery.
How does narrowing of the renal artery cause hypertension?
First, the narrowed renal artery impairs the circulation of blood to the affected kidney. This deprivation of blood then stimulates the kidney to produce the hormones, renin and angiotensin. These hormones, along with aldosterone from the adrenal gland, cause a constriction and increased stiffness (resistance) in the peripheral arteries throughout the body, which results in high blood pressure.
Renal hypertension is usually first suspected when high blood pressure is found in a young individual or a new onset of high blood pressure is discovered in an older person. Screening for renal artery narrowing then may include renal isotope (radioactive) imaging, ultrasonographic (sound wave) imaging, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the renal arteries. The purpose of these tests is to determine whether there is a restricted blood flow to the kidney and whether angioplasty (removal of the restriction in the renal arteries) is likely to be beneficial. However, if the ultrasonic assessment indicates a high resistive index within the kidney (high resistance to blood flow), angioplasty may not improve the blood pressure because chronic damage in the kidney from long–standing hypertension already exists. If any of these tests are abnormal or the doctor's suspicion of renal artery narrowing is high enough, renal angiography (an x–ray study in which dye is injected into the renal artery) is done. Angiography is the ultimate test to actually visualize the narrowed renal artery.
Any of the other types of chronic kidney disease that reduces the function of the kidneys can also cause hypertension due to hormonal disturbances and/or retention of salt.
It is important to remember that not only can kidney disease cause hypertension, but hypertension can also cause kidney disease. Therefore, all patients with high blood pressure should be evaluated for the presence of kidney disease so they can be treated appropriately.
Adrenal gland tumors
Two rare types of tumors of the adrenal glands are less common, secondary causes of hypertension. The adrenal glands sit right on top of the kidneys. Both of these tumors produce excessive amounts of adrenal hormones that cause high blood pressure. These tumors can be diagnosed from blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies of the adrenal glands. Surgery is often required to remove these tumors or the adrenal gland (adrenalectomy), which usually relieves the hypertension.
One of the types of adrenal tumors causes a condition that is called primary hyperaldosteronism because the tumor produces excessive amounts of the hormone aldosterone. In addition to the hypertension, this condition causes the loss of excessive amounts of potassium from the body into the urine, which results in a low level of potassium in the blood. Hyperaldosteronism is generally first suspected in a person with hypertension when low potassium is also found in the blood. (Also, certain rare genetic disorders affecting the hormones of the adrenal gland can cause secondary hypertension.)
The other type of adrenal tumor that can cause secondary hypertension is called a pheochromocytoma. This tumor produces excessive catecholamines, which include several adrenaline–related hormones. The diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma is suspected in individuals who have sudden and recurrent episodes of hypertension that are associated with flushing of the skin, rapid heart beating (palpitations), and sweating, in addition to the symptoms associated with high blood pressure.
Coarctation of the aorta
Coarctation of the aorta is a rare hereditary disorder that is one of the most common causes of hypertension in children. This condition is characterized by a narrowing of a segment of the aorta, the main large artery coming from the heart. The aorta delivers blood to the arteries that supply all of the body's organs, including the kidneys.
The narrowed segment (coarctation) of the aorta generally occurs above the renal arteries, which causes a reduced blood flow to the kidneys. This lack of blood to the kidneys prompts the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone hormonal system to elevate the blood pressure. Treatment of the coarctation is usually the surgical correction of the narrowed segment of the aorta. Sometimes, balloon angioplasty can be used to widen (dilate) the coarctation of the aorta.
The metabolic syndrome and obesity
Genetic factors play a role in the constellation of findings that make up the "metabolic syndrome." Individuals with the metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance and a tendency to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (non–insulin–dependent diabetes). Obesity, especially associated with a marked increase in abdominal girth, leads to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), elevated blood lipids (fats), vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction (abnormal reactivity of the blood vessels), and hypertension all leading to premature atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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